What is the first step that should occur before a penetration test is performed?

Before any penetration test is conducted, obtaining explicit permission is crucial. This step ensures that the testing is legal and authorized, thereby protecting both the testers and the organization. Permission typically takes the form of a signed agreement that outlines the scope and limitations of the test, ensuring that all parties understand what actions are permitted and what areas should not be tested. This process helps to mitigate legal risks and avoid unintended consequences, such as service disruptions or data loss.

This initial agreement facilitates a clear understanding between the organization and the testers about the goals, boundaries, and methodologies to be employed during the test, allowing for a more structured and ethical approach to security assessment. Without this permission, the test could be deemed as malicious activity, potentially leading to legal action against the testers and negative repercussions for the organization. Thus, securing authorization is foundational and precedes all other preparatory steps in a penetration testing process, such as identifying test objectives, selecting tools, or assembling the testing team.